在上一篇博客我介绍了Unity新版AssetBundle系统的一些知识点，在这篇博客中，我用一个小小的Demo来实践一下(Demo的开发工具为Unity5.3.5 + VS2015，请注意IDE版本)。
先准备一个Modle，资源结构如下所示
预制体JuShiGuai使用了材质球Mat1,Mat2,而Mat1,Mat2又分别使用了JuShiGuai_01,JuShiGuai_02两个贴图文件。 
下面就长话短说直接上代码，具体的用法可以参见上一篇博客
1.设置Modle下的资源的AssetBundleName
- Mat1 : materials/mat1.unity3d
- Mat2 : materials/mat2.unity3d
- JuShiGuai_01 : texture/jushiguai_01.unity3d
- JuShiGuai_02 : texture/jushiguai_02.unity3d
- JuShiGuai : jushiguai.unity3d
这儿我直接按原有目录设置，具体情况在实际使用中有待商榷
编写AssetBundle打包代码
- 为了方便路径的管理，这儿采用我再 Unity 中管理Tag的方式来管理
创建AssetBundleConfig.cs,管理路径
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using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; /***************************************************************************** * @author : zyx * @date : 2016/11/16 15:15 * @instructions : 设置打包AssetBundle用的的相关路径 *****************************************************************************/ public class AssetBundleConfig : MonoBehaviour { //AssetBundle打包后存储的路径 public static string ASSETBUNDLE_PATH = Application.dataPath + "/StreamingAssets/"; //资源地址 public static string APPLICATION_PATH = Application.dataPath + "/"; //工程根目录地址 public static string PROJECT_PATH = APPLICATION_PATH.Substring(0, APPLICATION_PATH.Length - 7); //AssetBundle打包的后缀名 public static string SUFFIX = ".assetbundle"; } |
2.创建 AssetBundleBuild.cs，打包AssetBundle
这儿我使用了LZ4压缩格式,保证包的大小和加载速度额均衡
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using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using UnityEditor; /***************************************************************************** * @author : zyx * @date : 2016/11/16 15:16 * @instructions : AssetBundle打包 *****************************************************************************/ public class AssetBundleBuild : MonoBehaviour { [MenuItem("AssetBundle Editor/AssetBundle Build")] static void AssetBundlesBuild() { //注：第一个存放AssetBundle的路径取相对地址 BuildPipeline.BuildAssetBundles(AssetBundleConfig.ASSETBUNDLE_PATH.Substring(AssetBundleConfig.PROJECT_PATH.Length), BuildAssetBundleOptions.DeterministicAssetBundle|BuildAssetBundleOptions.ChunkBasedCompression, BuildTarget.StandaloneWindows64 ); } } |
- 代码编译后会在Unity工具栏挂载 AssetBundle Editor栏，点击菜单栏 AssetBundle Build就会自动对所有设置了assetbundleName的代码进行打包
3.编写AssetBundle加载代码
在传统的方法中，我们加载一个资源，总是加载资源的依赖项-->加载资源-->卸载依赖项，但是当一个资源频繁被其他资源依赖，这样无疑会造成性能问题。
一个可行的解决方案是：我们可以把加载好的资源用字典存着，下次如果还需要加载这个依赖项就可以直接从字典里面读取，程序运行结束后在卸载字典中加载的AssetBundle.
当然可能还会有更好的加载方案，比如统计一个资源的被依赖次数和使用频率，然后定义一个时间周期，将不活跃的资源定期销毁
这儿我就采用字典的方案，把加载好的资源用字典存着
- 创建 AssetBundleLoad.cs
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using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; /***************************************************************************** * @author : zyx * @date : 2016/11/16 15:20 * @instructions : AssetBundle的加载，采用字典存贮依赖项，避免频繁地加载和卸载AssetBundle *****************************************************************************/ public class AssetBundleLoad : MonoBehaviour { private static AssetBundleManifest manifest = null; private static Dictionary<string, AssetBundle> assetBundleDic = new Dictionary<string, AssetBundle>(); void OnGUI() { if (GUILayout.Button("Load JushiGuai")) { StartCoroutine(InstanceAsset("jushiguai")); } } public AssetBundle LoadAssetBundle(string Url) { if (assetBundleDic.ContainsKey(Url)) return assetBundleDic[Url]; if (manifest == null) { //Debug.Log(AssetBundleConfig.ASSETBUNDLE_PATH); AssetBundle manifestAssetBundle = AssetBundle.LoadFromFile(AssetBundleConfig.ASSETBUNDLE_PATH + "StreamingAssets"); manifest = (AssetBundleManifest)manifestAssetBundle.LoadAsset("AssetBundleManifest"); } if (manifest != null) { //获取当前加载AssetBundle的所有依赖项的路径 string[] objectDependUrl = manifest.GetAllDependencies(Url); foreach (string tmpUrl in objectDependUrl) { //通过递归调用加载所有依赖项 LoadAssetBundle(tmpUrl); } Debug.Log(AssetBundleConfig.ASSETBUNDLE_PATH + Url); assetBundleDic[Url] = AssetBundle.LoadFromFile(AssetBundleConfig.ASSETBUNDLE_PATH + Url); return assetBundleDic[Url]; } return null; } private IEnumerator InstanceAsset(string assetBundleName) { string assetBundlePath = assetBundleName + AssetBundleConfig.SUFFIX; int index = assetBundleName.LastIndexOf('/'); string realName = assetBundleName.Substring(index + 1, assetBundleName.Length - index - 1); yield return LoadAssetBundle(assetBundlePath); if (assetBundleDic.ContainsKey(assetBundlePath) && assetBundleDic[assetBundlePath] != null) { Object tmpObj = assetBundleDic[assetBundlePath].LoadAsset(realName); yield return Instantiate(tmpObj); assetBundleDic[assetBundlePath].Unload(false); } yield break; } } |
最后一张程序运行截图奉上
4.assetbundleName的自动化设置和清除
新版的AssetBundle虽然提出了AssetBundleName这样一个新的方法。但是在实际工程中，如果对于每个资源都手动添加设置Name。一来会十分麻烦，二来容易出错，三来不方便管理。所以在实际项目中，我们需要一个方法对于一些资源进行批量命名。
一个可行的方案就是，在工程中把资源分类的放好，我们直接读取资源的相对路径+名字，设置为它的assetbundleName，这样AssetBundle打包之后就会有和源资源相同的目录层级结构，更便于管理
- 创建AssetBundleNameEdit.cs动态的设置清除assetbundleName
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using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using UnityEditor; using System.IO; /***************************************************************************** * @author : zyx * @date : 2016/11/16 16:47 * @instructions : 添加工具栏,一键式添加，移除AssetBundleName *****************************************************************************/ public class AssetBundleNameEdit : MonoBehaviour { [MenuItem("AssetBundle Editor/SetAssetBundleName")] static void SetResourcesAssetBundleName() { //只读取当前选中的目录，排除子目录 Object[] SelectedAsset = Selection.GetFiltered(typeof(Object), SelectionMode.Assets | SelectionMode.ExcludePrefab); //此处添加需要命名的资源后缀名,注意大小写。 string[] Filtersuffix = new string[] { ".prefab", ".mat", ".dds" }; if (SelectedAsset.Length == 0) return; foreach (Object tmpFolder in SelectedAsset) { string fullPath = AssetBundleConfig.PROJECT_PATH + AssetDatabase.GetAssetPath(tmpFolder); //Debug.Log(fullPath); if (Directory.Exists(fullPath)) { DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(fullPath); var files = dir.GetFiles("*", SearchOption.AllDirectories); for (var i = 0; i < files.Length; ++i) { var fileInfo = files[i]; //显示进度条 EditorUtility.DisplayProgressBar("设置AssetBundleName名称", "正在设置AssetBundleName名称中...", 1.0f * i / files.Length); foreach (string suffix in Filtersuffix) { if (fileInfo.Name.EndsWith(suffix)) { string path = fileInfo.FullName.Replace('\\', '/').Substring(AssetBundleConfig.PROJECT_PATH.Length); //资源导入器 var importer = AssetImporter.GetAtPath(path); if (importer) { string name = path.Substring(fullPath.Substring(AssetBundleConfig.PROJECT_PATH.Length).Length + 1); importer.assetBundleName = name.Substring(0, name.LastIndexOf('.')) + AssetBundleConfig.SUFFIX; } } } } } } //删除所有未使用的assetBundle资产数据库名称 AssetDatabase.RemoveUnusedAssetBundleNames(); EditorUtility.ClearProgressBar(); } //输出所有AssetBundleName [MenuItem("AssetBundle Editor/GetAllAssetBundleName")] static void GetAllAssetBundleName() { string[] names = AssetDatabase.GetAllAssetBundleNames(); foreach (var name in names) { Debug.Log(name); } } [MenuItem("AssetBundle Editor/ClearAssetBundleName")] static void ClearResourcesAssetBundleName() { UnityEngine.Object[] SelectedAsset = Selection.GetFiltered(typeof(Object), SelectionMode.Assets | SelectionMode.ExcludePrefab); //此处添加需要清除的资源后缀名,注意大小写。 string[] Filtersuffix = new string[] { ".prefab", ".mat", ".dds" }; if (SelectedAsset.Length == 0) return; foreach (Object tmpFolder in SelectedAsset) { string fullPath = AssetBundleConfig.PROJECT_PATH + AssetDatabase.GetAssetPath(tmpFolder); if (Directory.Exists(fullPath)) { DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(fullPath); var files = dir.GetFiles("*", SearchOption.AllDirectories); for (var i = 0; i < files.Length; ++i) { var fileInfo = files[i]; EditorUtility.DisplayProgressBar("清除AssetBundleName名称", "正在清除AssetBundleName名称中...", 1.0f * i / files.Length); foreach (string suffix in Filtersuffix) { if (fileInfo.Name.EndsWith(suffix)) { string path = fileInfo.FullName.Replace('\\', '/').Substring(AssetBundleConfig.PROJECT_PATH.Length); var importer = AssetImporter.GetAtPath(path); if (importer) { importer.assetBundleName = null; } } } } } } EditorUtility.ClearProgressBar(); AssetDatabase.RemoveUnusedAssetBundleNames(); } } |
代码编译后会在之前的工具栏 AssetBundle Editor下多挂载几个选项，选中某个目录，点击菜单栏选项 SetAssetBundleName（ClearAssetBundleName）就会自动对所有选中目录进行assetbundleName的添加（移除）
关于从服务器加载的实现等有空在补上。
最后附上Demo的git地址
